Statehood

California applied for statehood in 1849, one of the few states to do so without first being a territory. The boom that California’s Gold Rush provided to the U.S. economy definitely didn’t hurt its case for statehood, but it wasn’t all sunshine and butterflies.
The would-be state’s proposed constitution decried and prevented slavery, spurring a bit of a Congressional crisis. Luckily, a little thing known as the Compromise of 1850 saved the day. (Well, for California at least.)
The above hand-tinted photo shows a miner panning for gold in northern California.